empfindlichkeit

Empfindlichkeit is a German term meaning sensitivity or susceptibility. It describes how strongly a system, organism, or medium responds to stimuli. The exact meaning depends on context: physical, biological, medical, or psychological.

In science and technology, Empfindlichkeit often refers to sensitivity or responsivity of a sensor or detector—the ratio of output signal to input stimulus. It also denotes the minimum detectable input, the detection threshold, and is closely linked to noise, dynamic range, and linearity.

In photography and film, Empfindlichkeit is the historical and current term for light sensitivity, expressed as ISO or film speed. Higher Empfindlichkeit improves performance in low light but increases grain or noise. It is a property of the medium, not the camera alone.

In medicine and biology, Überempfindlichkeit or Allergie is an abnormal, excessive reaction to substances. "Empfindlichkeit" also describes sensory or autonomic sensitivity, such as tactile hyperesthesia or drug sensitivity, and is relevant for diagnosis and treatment planning.

In psychology and everyday language, Empfindlichkeit denotes emotional responsiveness and susceptibility to criticism or social cues. It can refer to heightened affective awareness, empathy, or vulnerability.