elleboog

Elleboog, the Dutch term for the elbow, is the hinge joint where the upper arm meets the forearm. It comprises three joints—the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints—that together permit bending, straightening, and rotation of the forearm. The joint is formed by the lower end of the humerus, the upper ends of the radius and ulna, and a surrounding capsule. Stability is provided by the collateral ligaments on the inner and outer sides, the annular ligament that wraps around the head of the radius, and surrounding muscles and tendons.

Movement at the elbow includes flexion and extension primarily at the humeroulnar joint, and forearm rotation—pronation and supination—at the proximal radioulnar joint, aided by the interosseous membrane. Major muscles involved are the biceps brachii and brachialis for flexion, the triceps for extension, and the forearm pronators and supinators for rotation.

Clinical relevance includes a range of injuries and conditions. Common problems are elbow dislocations and fractures of the distal humerus, olecranon, or radial head. Overuse injuries such as lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow) are frequent. The ulnar nerve can be irritated at the elbow, producing numbness or tingling in the ring and little fingers (cubital tunnel syndrome). Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination and imaging, with treatment varying from rest and physical therapy to immobilization or surgical intervention for more serious injuries.