ektomikorrhízá

Ektomykorrhiza, a type of symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, is a widespread phenomenon in terrestrial ecosystems. This mutualistic relationship involves a specific group of fungi, known as ectomycorrhizal fungi, which form a sheath or mantle around the root tips of their host plants. These fungi, primarily belonging to the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota phyla, establish a network of hyphae that extend both into the soil and between the root cells of the plant.

The ectomycorrhizal fungi receive carbohydrates, such as sugars, from the plant, which are produced through photosynthesis. In return, the fungi significantly enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen. The extensive hyphal network acts as an extension of the plant's root system, accessing nutrients that would otherwise be unavailable. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi can protect host plants from pathogens and toxic elements in the soil. This symbiotic relationship is crucial for the health and survival of many forest trees, including pines, oaks, and birches, and plays a vital role in nutrient cycling and soil structure.