eksoterm

Eksoterm is a term used to describe processes or materials that release heat to their surroundings. In thermodynamics and chemistry, the opposite term is endoterm, which absorbs heat. The word combines Greek roots exo- meaning outside and therm meaning heat, and it is used in multiple languages to refer to heat-releasing phenomena.

In chemistry, an exothermic reaction has a negative enthalpy change (ΔH < 0). Heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings, often causing a measurable rise in temperature. Common examples include the combustion of fuels, many acid–base neutralizations, crystallization of salts, and the hydration of cement. Exothermic processes can occur in solution, phase changes, or chemical reactions, and their visibility depends on the rate and scale of heat release.

Experiments and calculations involving eksoterm reactions typically use calorimetry to measure the amount of heat released. Concepts such as standard enthalpies of formation and Hess’s law help quantify the overall heat change for a given reaction, enabling prediction and control in practical applications.

Applications of exothermic processes range from everyday warmth, such as hand warmers and certain self-heating products, to industrial uses like cement setting and polymerization reactions. Safety considerations are important, since released heat can lead to overheating, pressure buildup, or runaway reactions if not properly managed. Proper cooling, containment, and reaction control are essential in processes that involve eksoterm reactions.