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Eeldusinormaaljaotus, also known as the normal distribution or Gaussian distribution, is a continuous probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. It is characterized by two parameters: the mean (mu) and the standard deviation (sigma). The normal distribution is widely used in statistics and probability theory due to its mathematical properties and its frequent occurrence in natural and social phenomena.

The normal distribution is often described by the 68-95-99.7 rule, which states that approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.7% falls within three standard deviations. This rule is a consequence of the distribution's symmetry and its bell-shaped curve.

The normal distribution is a fundamental concept in inferential statistics, as it is often used to model the distribution of sample means. According to the Central Limit Theorem, the distribution of the sample mean will approach a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution. This property makes the normal distribution a crucial tool in hypothesis testing and confidence interval estimation.

In practice, the normal distribution is often used to model continuous data that are symmetrically distributed around a central value. However, it is important to note that not all data follow a normal distribution, and other distributions may be more appropriate in certain situations. The normal distribution is also used in various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, and the social sciences, to model and analyze data.