ecologisme

Ecologisme is a political and social philosophy and movement that prioritizes the protection of ecosystems and the promotion of sustainable ways of living. It encompasses concerns about climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, resource depletion, and social justice, and seeks changes in politics, economy, and culture to reduce ecological harm and to live within planetary limits.

The term is widely used in French-speaking contexts; in English, environmentalism or green politics are common equivalents. Ecologisme emerged from the broader environmental movement of the 20th century, intensified in the 1960s and 1970s, and broadened to encompass economic and social questions. In Europe, it contributed to the formation of green parties, notably in France (Les Verts) and other countries. It includes both reformist currents and more radical schools such as eco-socialism and degrowth.

Key ideas include sustainable development, precaution, ecological economics, circular economy, renewable energy, sustainable transport, and participatory democracy. The movement emphasizes the interdependence of ecological health with human well-being and social equity, often advocating policy changes at local, national, and international levels.

Organized associations range from green parties to environmental NGOs and local government initiatives. Proponents promote policy reforms in energy, agriculture, urban planning, and climate mitigation. Critics question feasibility, perceived focus on economic growth, or accuse ecological movements of idealism or anti-technology stances; supporters respond by arguing for structural change aimed at long-term resilience.