dilutio

Dilutio is a Latin noun meaning dilution; in modern contexts it refers to the process or result of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding solvent. The term appears in historical scientific literature as well as in current scientific language, though in English the usual term is “dilution.”

Calculation in simple dilutions follows the conservation of substance: C1V1 = C2V2 for ideal solutions at constant temperature. For a given final volume V2, the final concentration is C2 = (C1V1)/V2. Example: diluting 5.0 mL of a 1.0 M solution to a final volume of 100 mL yields C2 = (1.0 × 5.0) / 100 = 0.05 M.

Applications span several fields. In chemistry, dilutions prepare reagents at desired concentrations for reactions and analyses. In microbiology and medicine, serial dilutions help quantify organisms and prepare dosing solutions. In pharmacology, dilution is used to create accurate dosing regimens and, when needed, to adjust concentrations while maintaining appropriate osmotic conditions.

Practical notes emphasize accuracy and technique. Precise measurement of volumes is essential, and volumes may not be perfectly additive with all liquids. Temperature can affect volumes and concentrations, so control or correction may be necessary. When working with biological samples, isotonic and sterile diluents are often used, and sterile technique is important to prevent contamination.