diisokyanáty

Diisocyanates are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of two isocyanate functional groups (-N=C=O). These compounds are highly reactive and play a crucial role in the production of polyurethanes, a versatile group of polymers used in a vast array of applications, including foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.

Common examples of diisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). TDI is primarily used in the production of flexible polyurethane foams, often found in furniture and bedding. MDI is a key component in rigid polyurethane foams, utilized for insulation in construction and appliances, as well as in coatings and adhesives.

The reaction of diisocyanates with polyols (compounds containing multiple hydroxyl groups) forms the urethane linkage, which is the building block of polyurethanes. This polymerization process can be controlled to create materials with a wide range of properties, from soft and flexible to hard and rigid.

Due to their reactivity, diisocyanates are considered hazardous substances. Exposure can occur through inhalation of vapors or aerosols, or through skin contact. Inhalation can lead to respiratory sensitization, causing asthma-like symptoms that can be permanent. Skin contact can cause irritation and sensitization. Therefore, strict safety measures, including appropriate ventilation and personal protective equipment, are essential when handling these chemicals.