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Diffusion tensor imaging, or DTI, is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that measures the diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues. In a biological environment, water molecules are not static but are in constant random motion. This random motion is called diffusion. In tissues, the movement of water molecules is influenced by the underlying structure. For example, in white matter tracts of the brain, which are composed of tightly packed nerve fibers, water diffusion is restricted in directions perpendicular to the fiber orientation and more free along the direction of the fibers. DTI exploits this directional diffusion to infer the organization and integrity of these white matter pathways.
The core principle of DTI involves applying a series of magnetic field gradients during the MRI scan.