diatoxanthin

Diatoxanthin is a carotenoid pigment found in certain species of diatoms, which are a major group of algae. It is structurally related to other common carotenoids like beta-carotene and lutein. Diatoms synthesize diatoxanthin as part of their photosynthetic apparatus, where it plays a role in light harvesting and photoprotection. Specifically, it can absorb light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll for photosynthesis. It also helps to dissipate excess light energy as heat, preventing damage to the photosynthetic machinery under high light conditions.

Diatoxanthin is characterized by its specific chemical structure, which includes a beta-ionone ring at each end and a series of conjugated double bonds. This conjugated system is responsible for its ability to absorb light in the visible spectrum. The presence and concentration of diatoxanthin can vary depending on the diatom species, environmental conditions such as light intensity and nutrient availability, and the physiological state of the organism.

While primarily found in diatoms, trace amounts of diatoxanthin have also been reported in some other marine organisms. Its presence in the food chain means it can be transferred to consumers. Research into diatoxanthin is ongoing, focusing on its biochemical functions within diatoms and its potential as a biomarker for phytoplankton blooms or as a source of natural pigments.