diagenizdir

Diagenesis refers to all physical, chemical, and biological changes that happen to sediment after it is deposited but before it is subjected to metamorphism. This process is crucial in transforming unconsolidated sediments into solid sedimentary rocks. Diagenesis occurs at relatively low temperatures and pressures, typically below 200 degrees Celsius and 200 megapascals. The changes involved can include compaction, cementation, recrystallization, dissolution, and the formation of new minerals. Compaction reduces pore space as the weight of overlying sediment presses the grains together. Cementation occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate from pore fluids and bind the sediment grains, effectively lithifying the sediment. Recrystallization can alter the size and shape of mineral grains. Dissolution can remove certain minerals, creating or enlarging pores. Biological activity, such as the action of microorganisms, can also play a significant role, particularly in the early stages of diagenesis. These processes collectively determine the porosity, permeability, and mineral composition of the resulting sedimentary rock, which are vital properties for understanding the rock's history and potential for hosting resources like oil, gas, and groundwater.