descarbonização

Descarbonização refers to the process of reducing or eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, particularly those related to energy production and consumption. The primary goal of descarbonização is to mitigate climate change by limiting the accumulation of these gases in the Earth's atmosphere, which are believed to be the main drivers of global warming.

This transition typically involves a shift away from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas towards cleaner and renewable energy sources. Key strategies include the increased use of solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. Improving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industrial processes also plays a crucial role in reducing overall energy demand and, consequently, emissions.

Technological advancements are central to descarbonização efforts. This includes the development of electric vehicles, energy storage solutions like batteries, and innovative industrial processes that minimize carbon footprints. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are also being explored as a means to capture CO2 emissions from sources that are difficult to decarbonize completely.

Policy and economic measures are essential drivers of descarbonização. Governments often implement regulations, carbon pricing mechanisms (such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems), and incentives to encourage the adoption of low-carbon technologies and practices. International agreements, like the Paris Agreement, set global targets and frameworks for countries to work towards reducing their emissions. The successful implementation of descarbonização strategies is considered vital for achieving global climate goals and ensuring a sustainable future.