depolarizációját

Depolarizációját refers to the process of depolarization in a biological context, specifically within the realm of cellular electrophysiology. It describes the change in a cell membrane's electrical potential, making it less negative or more positive. This phenomenon is crucial for the transmission of electrical signals in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells.

When a cell is in its resting state, there is an electrical potential difference across its membrane, with the inside being more negative than the outside. Depolarizációját occurs when positively charged ions, typically sodium (Na+) or calcium (Ca2+), flow into the cell. This influx of positive charge reduces the negativity inside the cell, bringing the membrane potential closer to zero or even making it positive.

This rapid depolarization is the basis of the action potential, a transient electrical impulse that travels along the cell membrane. In neurons, depolarization initiates the release of neurotransmitters, enabling communication between cells. In muscle cells, it triggers muscle contraction. The extent and speed of depolarization are tightly regulated by voltage-gated ion channels, which open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. Following depolarization, repolarization, a process that restores the negative resting potential, occurs.