dekolonisaation
Dekolonisaation, or decolonization in English, refers to the process by which colonies achieve political independence from colonial powers, transfer sovereignty to local populations, and end imperial rule. It encompasses political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions and often involves negotiations, constitutional changes, and the withdrawal of metropolitan authority.
The modern wave began in the early-to-mid 20th century and accelerated after World War II, driven by
Methods varied: peaceful negotiations and constitutionalism, referendums and elections, or armed struggle. Once independence is achieved,
Impacts are mixed. Some states achieved stable governance and development; others faced political instability, civil conflict,
Notable cases include India (1947), Indonesia (1949/1950), Ghana (1957), Algeria (1962), many African and Caribbean nations