decidualizációval

Decidualizációval, in English decidualization, is a crucial process in mammalian pregnancy. It refers to the transformation of the uterine lining, the endometrium, into the decidua. This transformation is essential for successful implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. Following ovulation, the endometrium enters the secretory phase, preparing for potential embryo implantation. If fertilization occurs, the developing embryo signals its presence to the maternal body. This signal triggers decidualization, a complex series of hormonal and cellular changes.

The hormone progesterone plays a pivotal role in initiating and maintaining decidualization. It causes the endometrial stromal cells to enlarge and accumulate glycogen and lipids, becoming decidual cells. These cells form the decidua basalis, which is directly beneath the implanting embryo and becomes the maternal part of the placenta. The rest of the decidua is known as the decidua parietalis and decidua capsularis. The decidua provides a nourishing and supportive environment for the developing embryo, protecting it from the maternal immune system and facilitating nutrient and gas exchange through the developing placenta. Decidualization also plays a role in preventing the uterus from contracting prematurely, thus helping to sustain the pregnancy. Disruptions in this process can lead to implantation failure or early pregnancy loss.