czynny

Czynny is a Polish adjective meaning active, operating, or functioning. It describes things or people that are currently taking action, in use, or participating in activity. The term is widely used across contexts, from everyday speech to technical and scientific language.

In people, czynny contrasts with bierny (passive) and is used in expressions such as czynny uczestnik (active participant) or czynny zawodnik (active competitor). In machinery and processes, it indicates that a device or system is turned on and working, for example urządzenie czynne (operational device) or praca w trybie czynnym (operation in active mode). In pharmacology, substancja czynna denotes the active ingredient, the component responsible for the primary effect of a medication.

Morphology and grammar: the adjective agrees with gender and number, with forms such as czynny (masculine singular), czynna (feminine singular), and czynne (neuter singular). In plural it becomes czynni (m/p) and czynne (f/n). The adverb form is czynnie, used to express performing actions actively. The negation forms include nieczynny (inactive).

Etymology and related terms: czynny derives from the noun czyn, meaning act or deed, and is related to nouns such as czynność (activity), czynnik (factor), and czynienie (doing). The word is entrenched in contemporary Polish in both everyday and specialized language.

Overall, czynny is a versatile term denoting activity, operation, and active participation, and it frequently appears in contrast to passive or inactive states.