cytoplazmába

Cytoplazma is the semi-fluid substance that fills a cell and surrounds its organelles. It is primarily composed of water, salts, and organic molecules. Within eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm encompasses everything outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. It is a dynamic environment where many essential cellular processes occur.

The cytoplasm consists of two main components: the cytosol and the organelles suspended within it. The cytosol is the gel-like portion, providing a medium for biochemical reactions. Organelles are specialized structures, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes, each performing specific functions vital for cell survival and operation. In prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, the cytoplasm contains the genetic material (nucleoid) and ribosomes, along with other essential molecules.

The movement of substances within the cytoplasm, known as cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis, helps distribute nutrients and waste products and facilitates organelle movement. The consistency of the cytoplasm can change, becoming more fluid or more gel-like depending on the cell's needs and environmental conditions. This adaptability is crucial for cell function, including cell division and response to stimuli. Cytoplasm plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell shape and integrity, as well as enabling all metabolic activities within the cell.