cytokinininer

Cytokinin is a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including cell division, differentiation, and growth. They are synthesized from adenine, a purine base, and are characterized by a N6-isopentenyladenine (iP) side chain. Cytokinins are involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and the maintenance of meristematic activity. They are typically classified into two main groups: isoprenoid cytokinins, which include trans-zeatin (tZ) and cis-zeatin (cZ), and non-isoprenoid cytokinins, which include zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DZR). Cytokinins are essential for plant development, as they promote shoot and root growth, delay senescence, and enhance stress tolerance. They also play a role in the regulation of leaf expansion, flower development, and fruit ripening. The balance between cytokinins and other hormones, such as auxins and gibberellins, is crucial for proper plant growth and development. Cytokinins are widely used in agriculture to promote plant growth, improve fruit quality, and enhance stress resistance. However, their application should be carefully managed to avoid potential negative effects on plant health and the environment.