cytokinesiön

Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, following mitosis or meiosis. It is the process by which the cytoplasm of a parent cell is divided into two daughter cells. This physical separation of the cytoplasm ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and organelles. The mechanism of cytokinesis differs between animal and plant cells. In animal cells, a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments forms around the center of the cell. This ring constricts, pinching the cell membrane inward to create a cleavage furrow, which deepens until the cell is divided into two. In plant cells, a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell. Vesicles containing cell wall material fuse together to form this plate, which eventually grows outward to fuse with the existing cell wall, separating the two daughter cells. Cytokinesis is a tightly regulated process that is essential for growth, development, and reproduction in all eukaryotic organisms. Errors in cytokinesis can lead to aneuploidy, where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can contribute to diseases such as cancer.