cystoscoop

A cystoscope is a medical instrument used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. It consists of a long, thin tube with a light source and a camera or lens at the tip. The tube is inserted through the urethra, allowing the physician to visualize the urinary tract.

The procedure of examining the bladder with a cystoscope is called cystoscopy. It is typically performed under local anesthesia, though general anesthesia may be used in some cases. During cystoscopy, the physician can identify various abnormalities, including inflammation, stones, tumors, or obstructions. Biopsies can also be taken during the procedure if necessary.

Cystoscopy is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diagnostically, it helps in evaluating symptoms such as blood in the urine, frequent urination, painful urination, or incontinence. Therapeutically, it can be used to remove small bladder stones, treat certain types of bladder tumors, or place stents in the ureters.

After the procedure, some discomfort or a burning sensation during urination is common, which usually subsides within a day or two. It is important to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the urinary tract. While generally safe, potential complications, though rare, can include infection, bleeding, or damage to the urethra or bladder.