cylindrische

Cylindrische is an adjective used to describe objects or surfaces that have the form of a cylinder. In geometry and related fields, a cylinder is a three‑dimensional figure formed by sweeping a circular base along a parallel direction, producing a curved surface that connects two parallel bases.

A standard cylinder is the right circular cylinder, in which the axis—the line through the centers of the bases—is perpendicular to the bases. An oblique cylinder has an axis that is not perpendicular to the bases, resulting in a slanted side surface. The base is always a circle with radius r, and the height (or length) is h.

Formulas commonly associated with cylindrical shapes include the volume, V = π r^2 h, and the surface area, S = 2π r h + 2π r^2. The lateral surface area, which excludes the bases, is 2π r h, and the total surface area combines the lateral area with the areas of the two circular bases. In mathematics, cylindrical coordinates provide an alternative description of points in space using (r, θ, z).

Cylindrische objects are prevalent in engineering and design, including pipes, tanks, cans, rollers, and shafts. The term also appears in descriptive language to distinguish cylindrical components from other shapes. In technical drawings and manufacturing, identifying a part as cylindrical informs machining, tolerances, and assembly considerations.