cyclosporiin

Cyclosporine is a medication used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat various autoimmune diseases. It belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants, which work by suppressing the body's immune system. This is crucial after a transplant because the immune system would otherwise recognize the new organ as foreign and attack it. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

The primary mechanism of action for cyclosporine involves inhibiting a key enzyme called calcineurin. Calcineurin is essential for the activation of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response. By blocking calcineurin, cyclosporine reduces the production of certain cytokines, which are signaling molecules that promote T-cell proliferation and activity. This ultimately leads to a dampening of the overall immune response.

Cyclosporine is available in various formulations, including oral capsules, oral solutions, and intravenous solutions. Its use requires careful monitoring by healthcare professionals due to potential side effects. Common side effects can include kidney problems, high blood pressure, increased risk of infections, tremors, and gum overgrowth. The dosage and duration of treatment are individualized based on the patient's specific condition and response to the medication. It is also used in some dermatological conditions like severe psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.