cyclophosphamidia

Cyclophosphamide is a medication used to treat various types of cancer and certain autoimmune diseases. It belongs to a class of drugs called alkylating agents, which work by interfering with DNA replication in rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells. This interference leads to cell death.

The drug is administered intravenously or orally. Its therapeutic effects stem from its ability to damage DNA, thereby preventing cancer cells from multiplying and spreading. Cyclophosphamide is metabolized in the liver to active compounds that exert its cytotoxic effects.

Beyond its use in cancer therapy, cyclophosphamide is also employed to suppress the immune system in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and nephrotic syndrome. By modulating immune responses, it can help reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage associated with these autoimmune disorders.

However, cyclophosphamide can cause significant side effects. These may include bone marrow suppression leading to low blood cell counts, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and an increased risk of infections. It can also have long-term effects on fertility and may increase the risk of developing secondary cancers. Due to its potential toxicity, cyclophosphamide is typically administered under close medical supervision.