cumulátor

A cumulátor is a device designed to accumulate and store energy, typically electrical energy. It is a broad term that encompasses various technologies, but often refers to rechargeable batteries. These devices work by converting electrical energy into a storable form, such as chemical potential energy, and then converting it back to electrical energy when needed. This process allows for the use of electrical power in situations where a direct connection to a power source is not feasible or desirable.

The fundamental principle behind most cumulátor technologies involves reversible electrochemical reactions. During charging, electrical energy drives these reactions, storing energy within the device's materials. When discharging, the reactions proceed in the reverse direction, releasing the stored energy as electricity. The capacity of a cumulátor, often measured in ampere-hours (Ah) or watt-hours (Wh), indicates the amount of energy it can store.

Common examples of cumulátor technology include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Each type has its own characteristics regarding energy density, lifespan, cost, and environmental impact. Cumulátors are essential components in a wide range of applications, from portable electronics like smartphones and laptops to electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, and backup power supplies for critical infrastructure. The development of more efficient and sustainable cumulátor technologies remains an active area of research and innovation.