cukup

Cukup is a word used in Indonesian and Malay that functions as both an adjective and an adverb. Its central meaning is "enough" or "sufficient," and it can also express a sense of degree such as "quite" or "fairly" when modifying other words. In everyday use, it helps convey adequacy, sufficiency, or moderate intensity.

As an adjective, cukup describes something that meets a needed amount or standard. Examples include air cukup (enough water) or makanan cukup (sufficient food). As an adverb or as a modifier before an adjective or adverb, it carries the sense of degree: dia cukup pandai (he is quite clever), cukup cepat (quite fast). It can combine with numbers or quantifiers to indicate sufficiency, such as cukup banyak (quite a lot) or cukup lama (long enough).

In negation, tidak cukup or belum cukup is used to indicate insufficiency or that something has not yet met the needed level. The term also appears in questions, such as Cukupkah airnya? which asks whether the water is enough. In spoken Indonesian, the standalone exclamation Cukup! can be used to signal that an action should stop or that enough has been said or done.

Etymology and usage notes: The word cuk up is native to Malay and Indonesian languages, with long-standing usage across the Malay-speaking world. Its exact historical origin is not clearly documented, but it remains a core part of everyday vocabulary in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and other Malay-speaking communities. Cukup is versatile, widely understood, and frequently employed in formal and informal registers to express sufficiency, adequacy, or moderate emphasis.