crushings

Crushings are the fragments produced when a solid material is subjected to crushing, the first stage of comminution. They arise from breaking larger blocks into smaller units through compressive forces. The resulting particles vary widely in size, shape, and texture depending on the material, the crusher type, and operating settings.

In mining and mineral processing, crushing reduces ore from large blocks to sizes suitable for grinding and mineral separation. Primary crushers produce coarse crushings, while secondary and tertiary stages produce progressively finer material. Common equipment includes jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, and impact crushers. The crushings are typically separated by size using screens or classifiers before milling or further processing.

In the construction industry, crushings are a key form of aggregate. Crushed stone and crushed concrete are used in concrete mixes, road bases, and drainage layers. In recycling, demolition debris is crushed to recover reusable aggregate and reduce waste.

Material properties such as hardness, friability, and moisture influence the efficiency of crushing and the quality of crushings. The shape and surface texture of the particles affect compaction, bonding, and workability in downstream applications.

Environmental and safety considerations include dust generation, noise, energy use, and exposure to fine particles. Proper containment, dust suppression, and equipment maintenance are important in minimizing health and environmental impacts.

See also: Crushing; Comminution; Aggregate; Recycling.