cláns

Clans are social structures found in various societies and cultures throughout history. They are typically defined by kinship or a shared ancestry, whether real or perceived, and often form the basis of social, political, and economic organization. Membership in a clan can be determined by patrilineal or matrilineal descent, meaning lineage is traced through either the father's or mother's side, respectively. In some cases, adoption or chosen affiliation can also lead to clan membership.

Clans often have a collective identity, a common name, and sometimes a shared territory or ancestral homeland. They may possess their own leadership structures, customs, and traditions, which can differ significantly between clans within the same broader culture or across different geographical regions. Loyalty to the clan and its members is usually a significant cultural value. Historically, clans have played crucial roles in warfare, mutual defense, and the distribution of resources. While the prominence of clans has diminished in many modern nation-states, they continue to hold importance in certain communities and can influence social dynamics and political allegiances.