climatologyrelated
Climatology is the scientific study of climate, defined as the long‑term patterns of temperature, precipitation, wind, and other atmospheric conditions over a region or the entire planet. It focuses on the analysis of climate variability and change over time scales that range from years to millennia. Climatologists use extensive data sets, including surface observations, aerial and satellite remote sensing, and paleoclimate proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, and sediment layers, to reconstruct past climate states and to identify natural and anthropogenic drivers of change.
Key subfields include atmospheric climatology, which examines pressure systems, moisture transport, and large‑scale circulation patterns; oceanic
Climatology informs policy and adaptation strategies by providing climate projections, vulnerability assessments, and mitigation pathways. It