cinnamates

Cinnamates are esters derived from cinnamic acid, typically produced by esterifying cinnamic acid with various aliphatic or aromatic alcohols. Their general structure consists of a cinnamate backbone with a variable alkyl or aryl group attached to the ester oxygen. The class includes a wide range of compounds with differing physical properties, from oils to crystalline solids.

In cosmetics and personal care, cinnamates are best known as UV filters. The most widely used example is ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, also known as octinoxate, which absorbs ultraviolet B radiation and has been incorporated into many sunscreen formulations. Other cinnamate-derived UV filters have been developed and marketed in various regions, but EHMC remains the principal representative. Cinnamates can also influence the texture and feel of products due to their lipophilicity and volatility.

In the fragrance and flavor industries, cinnamate esters such as methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, propyl cinnamate, and benzyl cinnamate are valued for their characteristic cinnamon-like or fruity notes. These esters are used to impart or enhance aromas and flavors in foods, beverages, perfumes, and personal care products.

Safety and regulation of cinnamates vary by application and jurisdiction. As cosmetics UV filters, some cinnamates, including octinoxate, have faced regulatory scrutiny because of concerns about environmental impact, particularly on aquatic ecosystems. Regulatory status can affect permissible concentrations and use in sunscreen products. Overall, cinnamates represent a versatile class that spans UV-filtering, fragrance, and flavor applications.