chromatografií

Chromatografie is a laboratory technique used to separate mixtures. It works by distributing components of a mixture between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase is a solid or liquid that is fixed in place, while the mobile phase is a liquid or gas that moves over the stationary phase. As the mobile phase flows through the stationary phase, it carries the components of the mixture with it. Different components will travel at different rates depending on their physical and chemical properties, such as solubility and adsorption to the stationary phase. This differential movement allows for the separation of the mixture into its individual components.

The first described form of chromatography was paper chromatography, invented by Mikhail Tsvet in 1906. Modern chromatography encompasses a wide range of techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a particularly widely used and powerful form of liquid chromatography. Chromatography is employed in numerous fields, including chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science, for analysis, purification, and identification of substances. It is a fundamental tool for understanding the composition of complex mixtures.