centromérával

Centromérával is a term used in genetics to refer to the centromere of a chromosome. The centromere is a specialized region on a chromosome that plays a critical role during cell division. It is the constricted point where the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are held together. During mitosis and meiosis, the spindle fibers attach to the centromere, specifically to a protein structure called the kinetochore that assembles on the centromere. This attachment allows for the accurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells.

The centromere is typically located in a specific position on each chromosome, which is used to classify chromosomes into different types, such as metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric. The DNA sequences found at centromeres are often repetitive and highly variable between species, although they are essential for chromosome stability and proper segregation. Without a functional centromere, chromosomes cannot be correctly moved during cell division, leading to aneuploidy, a condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can have severe consequences for the organism.