cementtype

Cement type is a classification used to distinguish cement products by their chemical composition, performance properties, and intended use in concrete and mortar. It guides engineers in selecting the appropriate cement for durability, setting behavior, and strength development under specific exposure conditions.

Most standards define several cement types. In the United States, ASTM C150 designates Type I Normal Portland Cement, Type II Moderate sulfate resistance and lower heat of hydration, Type III Rapid hardening, Type IV Low heat of hydration, and Type V High sulfate resistance; blended cements such as Type I/II and Type III are also recognized. In Europe, EN 197-1 classifies cement by cementitious composition under designations such as CEM I (pure Portland cement) and CEM II–CEM V blends, with subdivisions for sulfate resistance and supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash, slag, or calcined clay.

Different cement types exhibit variations in early strength, ultimate strength, heat evolution, and durability. Type II and high-alumina cements, for example, may offer improved sulfate resistance or faster early strength, but with different heat release or cost profiles. Fly ash and slag blends may improve workability and long-term durability but can affect initial strength.

Selection depends on exposure class, temperature, moisture, and structural requirements; for mass concrete, low heat cement is preferred; for marine environments, sulfate-resistant types are chosen; for precast elements, rapid-hardening types may be used.

Manufacture involves grinding clinker with gypsum and possibly supplementary cementitious materials; cement type is influenced by raw materials, clinker composition, grinding fineness, and additives.