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Carbohydrates are a major class of biomolecules that include sugars, starches, and fibers. They are essential for providing energy to the body and are a primary source of fuel for the brain, muscles, and other tissues. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and they can be classified into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join together through a glycosidic bond. Common disaccharides include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides linked together. They can be further categorized into two groups: starches and fibers. Starches, such as amylose and amylopectin, are storage forms of glucose found in plants. They are broken down into glucose during digestion and provide a quick source of energy. Dietary fibers, on the other hand, are complex carbohydrates that are not easily digested by the human body. They include substances like cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health and can help regulate blood sugar levels.

Carbohydrates are an important part of a balanced diet. They provide the body with the energy needed for daily activities and can be found in a variety of foods, including grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. However, it is important to consume carbohydrates in moderation, as excessive intake can lead to weight gain and other health issues. The glycemic index, which measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood sugar levels, can be used to guide carbohydrate choices for individuals with diabetes or those looking to manage their blood sugar levels.