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Carbohydrates are a major class of organic compounds that include sugars, starches, and fibers. They are essential for providing energy to the body and are a primary source of fuel for the brain, muscles, and other tissues. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and they are typically classified into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and include sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. These sugars are often referred to as simple sugars because they cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrate units. Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units joined together, such as sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharide units linked together. They can be further classified into two main groups: starches and fibers. Starches, such as amylose and amylopectin, are used by plants for energy storage and are a major component of grains, potatoes, and other starchy foods. Dietary fibers, on the other hand, are non-digestible carbohydrates that play a crucial role in maintaining digestive health and promoting feelings of fullness.

Carbohydrates are an important part of a balanced diet and are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes. They provide a significant amount of energy and are necessary for various bodily functions, including the production of hormones and neurotransmitters. However, it is important to consume carbohydrates in moderation as part of a balanced diet, as excessive intake can lead to weight gain and other health issues.