biophotovoltaic

Biophotovoltaics, often abbreviated as BPV, refers to a technology that generates electricity using biological components, specifically photosynthetic organisms or their enzymes. These systems harness the natural process of photosynthesis to convert light energy into electrical energy. The core principle involves using light to excite electrons within a photosynthetic system, creating a flow of charge that can be captured and utilized as an electric current.

Commonly employed biological materials in BPV systems include cyanobacteria, algae, or isolated photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll. These organisms or their components are typically integrated into an electrochemical cell, often consisting of electrodes and an electrolyte. When exposed to light, the biological material performs photosynthesis, producing electrons and protons. These electrons are then transferred to an anode, while protons can be used at the cathode to complete the circuit and generate electricity.

The efficiency and power output of BPV devices are currently lower compared to conventional silicon-based solar cells. However, research is ongoing to improve performance by optimizing biological components, electrode materials, and cell design. Potential advantages of biophotovoltaics include their ability to self-repair, biodegradability, and the possibility of using renewable and abundant biological resources. Applications being explored range from low-power sensors and remote monitoring devices to sustainable energy generation.