biolaggregate

Biolaggregate refers to a cohesive mass formed by biological activity that binds together particles of organic and inorganic matter. In natural and engineered systems, bi aggreg ates can consist of microbial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), detritus, minerals, and colloidal particles. The term is used to describe particle clusters such as bioflocs, biofilms, and granules that arise from microbial life processes.

Formation results from microbial adhesion to surfaces or to each other, production of EPS, and physicochemical forces. Divalent cations such as calcium can bridge particles; electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic effects also contribute. Shear forces from fluid flow influence aggregate size and integrity.

Biolaggregates are heterogeneous, with living cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of EPS, proteins, and polysaccharides. They often contain minerals, organic detritus, and pore networks that enable diffusion of nutrients and waste. Sizes range from a few micrometers to several millimeters.

Ecologically, biolaggregates play a role in sediment stabilization, carbon and nutrient cycling, and pollutant sequestration. In wastewater treatment and bioremediation, they improve settling and reactor performance by forming dense flocs or granules. They can also contribute to membrane fouling and clogging in filtration systems.

Researchers study biolaggregates with microscopy, spectroscopy, and rheology, and through measurements of EPS content, microstructure, porosity, and diffusion. Understanding their formation and dynamics supports optimized treatment processes, soil health, and environmental remediation.