biofiltráció

Biofiltration is a biological treatment process used to remove contaminants from air or water streams. It relies on microorganisms, typically bacteria and fungi, to break down pollutants. In biofiltration systems, the contaminated air or water is passed through a filter medium, which can be made of organic materials like compost, wood chips, or peat, or inorganic materials such as sand or ceramic. The microorganisms colonize this medium, forming a biofilm. As the contaminated stream flows through the biofilm, the pollutants are adsorbed by the medium and then metabolized by the microorganisms. This process converts harmful substances into less harmful byproducts like carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. Biofiltration is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for treating a variety of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and odorous compounds. It is commonly employed in wastewater treatment plants, industrial facilities, and odor control systems. The efficiency of biofiltration depends on factors such as temperature, humidity, pH, the type and concentration of pollutants, and the characteristics of the filter medium and the microbial community.