bensene

Bensene, also called benzene, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C6H6. It consists of a planar hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with delocalized electrons, giving it aromatic stability. It is a colorless, highly flammable liquid that is slightly soluble in water and dissolves readily in many organic solvents.

Occurrence and sources: Benzene occurs in nature in crude oil and in small amounts produced by volcanic activity and tobacco smoke. It has historically been obtained from coal tar, and today is mainly produced as a refinery byproduct and as a deliberate feedstock in chemical manufacturing.

Production and procurement: In modern industry, benzene is primarily produced through catalytic reforming of naphtha and from other refinery streams. It can also be generated by the dealkylation of toluene or by processing coal tar. Benzene is a key intermediate in many chemical syntheses and serves as a foundational building block for a wide range of products.

Uses and applications: Benzene is used as a solvent and as a starting material for the manufacture of many chemicals, including styrene (for polystyrene), phenol and acetone (via the cumene process), aniline, caprolactam, and various plastics, resins, and synthetic materials. It also serves as a precursor in the production of dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.

Safety and regulation: Benzene is classified as a known human carcinogen by major health organizations (IARC Group 1). Prolonged or high-level exposure can cause serious health effects, including blood disorders. It is highly flammable, and exposure limits and handling requirements vary by country and industry.