bacteriohopanepolyols

Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are a class of complex lipids found primarily in the cell membranes of bacteria. They are derived from hopanoids, which are pentacyclic triterpenoids that serve as bacterial membrane sterol analogs. BHPs are characterized by the presence of multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the hopanoid backbone, in addition to the basic hopanoid structure. The number and position of these hydroxyl groups can vary, leading to a diverse range of BHP structures.

These molecules play a crucial role in the structural integrity and functionality of bacterial cell membranes. Similar to cholesterol in eukaryotic membranes, BHPs are thought to influence membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability by interacting with phospholipid bilayers. Their presence can help maintain membrane function across a range of environmental conditions, including varying temperatures and pH.

BHPs are particularly abundant in many Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria, and are also found in certain archaea and eukaryotes, although their distribution is most prominent in the bacterial domain. Their unique structure and widespread occurrence in bacteria make them significant biomarkers for detecting and characterizing bacterial communities in various environments, including sediments, soils, and fossil records. The study of BHPs contributes to our understanding of bacterial membrane biology, evolution, and the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter.