autokrinními

Autokrinními is a Czech term that translates to "autocrine" in English. It refers to a type of cell signaling where a cell produces a signal molecule that acts on itself. This means the cell releases a chemical messenger, such as a hormone or a neurotransmitter, and that messenger then binds to receptors on the surface of the same cell, triggering a response within that cell.

This form of signaling is crucial for various biological processes. For example, autocrine signaling plays a role in cell growth and differentiation, where a cell can regulate its own development and specialization. It is also involved in the immune system, where immune cells can release signaling molecules to enhance their own activity or survival. Furthermore, autocrine mechanisms are implicated in tissue repair and regeneration, allowing cells to signal themselves to initiate and coordinate the healing process.

While autocrine signaling primarily affects the cell that secreted the signal, the released molecules can also diffuse into the surrounding extracellular fluid and potentially influence nearby cells, a process known as paracrine signaling. However, the defining characteristic of autocrine signaling is its direct effect on the originating cell. Understanding autocrine mechanisms is important in various fields, including endocrinology, neuroscience, and cancer biology, as dysregulation of autocrine signaling can contribute to disease development.