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Acetyl-CoA is a molecule that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and serves as a central hub for energy production and biosynthesis. The "acetyl" group refers to a two-carbon acetyl functional group, and "CoA" stands for coenzyme A, a vitamin-derived molecule that acts as a carrier for this acetyl group.

The primary function of acetyl-CoA is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle). In this cycle, the acetyl group is oxidized, releasing energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. These energy-carrying molecules then fuel further ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. Acetyl-CoA is also a precursor for the synthesis of various biomolecules, including fatty acids, cholesterol, and ketone bodies. Its formation occurs through several pathways, most notably the breakdown of pyruvate, an intermediate product of glycolysis. The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes this conversion. The versatility of acetyl-CoA makes it indispensable for the functioning of most living organisms.