asetonitril

Acetonitrile, also called ethanenitrile, is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a faint, characteristic odor. It has the formula C2H3N and a molar mass of 41.05 g/mol. It is a polar aprotic solvent and a widely used chemical intermediate. Acetonitrile is miscible with water and most common organic solvents. Its boiling point is 81.6 °C.

Industrial production and uses: The principal route is as a byproduct of acrylonitrile production via catalytic ammoxidation of propylene. It is also manufactured by alternate methods in smaller amounts. The solvent finds wide use in chemical synthesis, chromatography (notably high-performance liquid chromatography as a mobile phase), pharmaceutical manufacturing, and polymer chemistry. It is also used as an electrolyte solvent in some lithium-ion battery and electrochemical applications.

Safety and handling: Acetonitrile is flammable and toxic. Inhalation or ingestion can cause central nervous system effects; metabolism can release cyanide, which interferes with cellular respiration. It can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Handle in a well-ventilated area with appropriate protective equipment, store in closed containers away from heat and oxidizers, and dispose of waste according to regulations. Spills should be contained and absorbed.

Environmental notes: Releases should be controlled to prevent contamination of water and soil, as acetonitrile is toxic to aquatic life with potential for long-lasting effects.