arytenoidus

The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small, pyramid-shaped cartilages located in the larynx at the vocal folds. They are named after the Greek word arytaina, meaning pitcher, due to their resemblance to the handles of a pitcher. The arytenoid cartilages play a crucial role in voice production by controlling the movement of the vocal folds.

Each arytenoid cartilage has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and lateral. The anterior surface is smooth and articulates with the cricoid cartilage. The posterior surface is concave and provides attachment for the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. The lateral surface is convex and articulates with the cricoid cartilage at the cricoarytenoid joint.

The vocal folds attach to the anterior surface of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages. The muscles that control the movement of the vocal folds attach to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages. These muscles are responsible for adduction (bringing the vocal folds together) and abduction (moving the vocal folds apart), which are essential for producing sound and breathing.

The movement of the arytenoid cartilages is complex and involves rotation and gliding. This movement allows for precise control over the tension and length of the vocal folds, which in turn determines the pitch and quality of the voice. Any disruption to the structure or function of the arytenoid cartilages can lead to voice disorders such as hoarseness or breathiness.