aplázia

Aplasia refers to the failure of an organ or tissue to develop normally. It is a condition characterized by an absence or underdevelopment of a specific body part or cellular component. This can affect various systems, including bone marrow, skin, or limbs.

Aplastic anemia is a well-known form, where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, leading to anemia, increased risk of infection, and bleeding. Congenital aplastic anemia is a rare inherited disorder. Acquired aplastic anemia can result from exposure to toxins, radiation, certain medications, or viral infections, though the cause is often unknown.

Other types of aplasia include aplasia cutis congenita, a condition characterized by the absence of skin at birth, and limb aplasia, where a limb fails to form properly during fetal development. The severity and specific manifestations of aplasia depend on the affected organ or tissue and the extent of the underdevelopment. Diagnosis typically involves medical history, physical examination, and specific diagnostic tests such as blood counts or imaging studies. Treatment strategies vary depending on the type and severity of aplasia and may include blood transfusions, bone marrow transplantation, or supportive care.