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Metabolism refers to the complex set of chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life. These processes are essential for growth, reproduction, and the overall functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Metabolism can be broadly divided into two main categories: anabolism and catabolism.

Anabolism, also known as biosynthesis, is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These processes require energy and are responsible for building complex compounds like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which are vital for growth and repair.

Catabolism, on the other hand, is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units. This process releases energy, which can then be used to power anabolic reactions or other cellular activities. Examples of catabolic processes include the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.

The interplay between anabolism and catabolism is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, the stable internal environment of the body. Hormones, enzymes, and various regulatory mechanisms control these metabolic pathways, ensuring that the body has the necessary energy and building blocks for its functions while efficiently removing waste products. Disruptions in metabolic processes can lead to various diseases and health conditions.