anthraquinona

Anthraquinone, or 9,10-anthraquinone, is an organic compound that serves as the core structure for a broad family of dyes. Its chemical formula is C14H8O2. The molecule consists of three fused benzene rings with two carbonyl groups at the 9 and 10 positions, giving a planar, polycyclic quinone.

Occurrence and production: It occurs in trace amounts in coal tar and in some petroleum fractions. Industrially, it is produced by the oxidation of anthracene with air in the presence of catalysts such as vanadium oxide on a suitable support, at elevated temperature. The crude product is purified by crystallization.

Uses: The main use of anthraquinone is as an industrial intermediate for the synthesis of anthraquinone dyes and pigments. Through sulfonation, hydroxylation, and other functionalization, a large class of dyes is produced, including historically important compounds such as alizarin and many other sulfonated derivatives used for textiles. Anthraquinone itself is also used as a pigment and as a starting material for other organic syntheses.

Safety and handling: Anthraquinone is relatively low in acute toxicity but can irritate skin and eyes. It is poorly soluble in water and should be handled with standard laboratory safety practices to avoid inhalation and skin contact. Environmental release should be minimized.