anemisk

Anemisk is an adjective used in Swedish medical terminology to describe conditions related to anemia or a person who is anemic. In medical terms, anemia is a condition characterized by a reduced concentration of hemoglobin or a decreased red blood cell mass, which lowers the blood's capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues.

Common symptoms associated with anemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, and rapid heartbeat. In children, anemia may present as irritability and slowed development. The severity and symptoms depend on the underlying cause and the degree of hemoglobin loss.

Causes of anemia are diverse. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common globally; other types include vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic diseases (such as kidney disease or inflammatory disorders), hemolytic anemias, inherited conditions (for example sickle cell disease and thalassemia), and blood loss from trauma or gastrointestinal sources.

Diagnosis relies on blood tests. A complete blood count shows low hemoglobin and hematocrit and often abnormal red cell indices (MCV). Further tests include iron studies (ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation), vitamin B12 and folate levels, reticulocyte count, and a peripheral smear. In uncertain cases, bone marrow examination may be performed.

Treatment targets the underlying cause. Iron-deficiency anemia is treated with iron supplementation and dietary changes. Deficiencies of B12 or folate are corrected with respective vitamins. Chronic diseases and inflammatory conditions are managed accordingly; severe cases may require blood transfusions or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.

Etymology and usage: Anemisk derives from Greek an- (without) and haima (blood) and is used in Swedish to describe anemia-related conditions; the English equivalent is anemic.