amphistomatické

Amphistomatic refers to a type of stomata found on plant leaves where pores are present on both the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces. Stomata are microscopic pores on the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs that control the rate of gas exchange. They are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells that regulate the opening and closing of the pores. In most plants, stomata are more numerous on the lower surface of the leaf to minimize water loss due to direct sunlight. However, in amphistomatic species, there is a significant number of stomata on both surfaces. This arrangement is common in plants that grow in environments with high humidity or where water availability is not a limiting factor. It can also be found in aquatic plants, where gas exchange needs to occur efficiently from both the submerged and aerial parts of the leaf. The presence of stomata on both sides allows for greater flexibility in gas exchange, adapting to varying environmental conditions. For instance, if one side of the leaf is obstructed or exposed to unfavorable conditions, the stomata on the other side can still facilitate necessary gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration. The specific distribution and number of stomata on each surface can vary greatly among different amphistomatic plant species.