aminosilaner

Aminosilaner is a term used to describe organosilicon compounds that carry an amino functional group attached to a silicon atom, most commonly in the form of aminoalkylsilane derivatives. The term is rarely used in technical literature; the more common designation for these compounds is amino silanes or amino-functional silanes. In practice, aminosilaners are typically represented by aminoalkylsilanes such as (RO)3Si–(CH2)3–NH2, where the silicon atom bears hydrolyzable alkoxy groups (for example ethoxy or methoxy) and a propyl or other alkyl chain terminates in an amino group. Well-known examples include 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS).

These reagents are widely used as silane coupling agents to promote adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic substrates. By reacting with surface hydroxyl groups on oxides, silanols formed upon hydrolysis can condense to create covalent Si–O–Si linkages, while the terminal amine provides a functional handle for further modifications or interactions with polymers, metals, or fillers. Applications span coatings, adhesives, sealants, concrete treatment, and surface functionalization of nanoparticles and fibers. They also serve as intermediates in the synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic materials and as agents to modify surface energy and reactivity.

Synthesis is typically via hydrolysis and condensation of aminoalkylsilane precursors from chlorosilanes or alkoxysilanes, or through selective functionalization of silane cores. Handling requires care: amines are irritants, and moisture-sensitive silane reagents hydrolyze readily, releasing alcohols and forming siloxane networks.

See also: amino silanes, silane coupling agents, organosilicon compounds.