alpha2plasmin

Alpha2-plasmin inhibitor, also known as alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP), is a serine protease inhibitor found in human plasma. It is a key component of the fibrinolytic system, which is responsible for breaking down blood clots. Alpha2-plasmin inhibitor exerts its effect by inhibiting plasmin, the enzyme that degrades fibrin, the main protein component of blood clots.

The primary role of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor is to regulate fibrinolysis. It binds to both plasmin and fibrin, thereby preventing plasmin from cleaving fibrin. This action limits the extent of clot breakdown and helps to maintain hemostatic balance. It is synthesized primarily by the liver.

Deficiency in alpha2-plasmin inhibitor is a rare inherited disorder that can lead to a bleeding tendency. Conversely, increased levels of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor have been observed in various pathological conditions, including thrombotic disorders, certain cancers, and inflammatory diseases. These elevated levels may contribute to impaired fibrinolysis and an increased risk of thrombosis.

Alpha2-plasmin inhibitor exists in two forms: a free form and a form that is cross-linked to fibrin by factor XIIIa. The cross-linked form is considered more potent in inhibiting plasmin. The interaction between alpha2-plasmin inhibitor, plasmin, and fibrin is a complex process that is crucial for the proper functioning of the hemostatic system. Its measurement in clinical settings can provide insights into bleeding or thrombotic risks.